234 This has inspired the exploration of new modification technologies to reduce the adverse effects associated with PS modification
In CKD patients, uremic retention solutes such as guanidine, p -cresol, indoxyl sulfate, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) have been suggested to have proatherogenic properties [58]
Williamson, J., Hughes, C
Other reported risk factors include atrial fibrillation, hyperthyroidism, vitamin D and folic acid deficiency, hyperuricemia, depression and anxiety disorders, chronic kidney and rheumatic disease, COPD, migraine, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoporosis, and sleep disorders [266,272-285]
It hosts an exceptionally dense microbial population (10 11 cells/mL), dominated by bacteria but also including archaea, protozoa, and anaerobic fungi, a composition distinct from monogastric systems (Table 1)